ICD-11 code 1F65 refers to enterobiasis, also known as pinworm infection. Enterobiasis is a common intestinal parasite infection caused by the roundworm Enterobius vermicularis. It is one of the most common helminth infections worldwide, particularly affecting children.
Enterobiasis is typically transmitted through the ingestion of pinworm eggs, which are easily transmitted through contaminated food, water, or by direct contact with an infected person. Symptoms of enterobiasis include itching around the anus, especially at night when the female worms lay their eggs. In severe cases, enterobiasis can lead to complications such as bacterial skin infections or urinary tract infections.
Diagnosis of enterobiasis is usually made through the identification of pinworm eggs in stool samples or by using transparent adhesive tape to collect eggs from the perianal area. Treatment for enterobiasis involves the use of anthelmintic medications such as albendazole or mebendazole to eliminate the parasites from the body. Additionally, practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and keeping nails short, can help prevent the spread of enterobiasis.
Table of Contents:
- #️⃣ Coding Considerations
- 🔎 Symptoms
- 🩺 Diagnosis
- 💊 Treatment & Recovery
- 🌎 Prevalence & Risk
- 😷 Prevention
- 🦠 Similar Diseases
#️⃣ Coding Considerations
The SNOMED CT code equivalent to the ICD-11 code 1F65, which represents Enterobiasis, is 319190001. This code specifically identifies the parasitic infection caused by the Enterobius vermicularis species, commonly known as pinworm. Enterobiasis is a widespread gastrointestinal infection that primarily affects children and is characterized by symptoms such as itching around the anus, especially at night. The SNOMED CT code 319190001 allows healthcare providers and researchers to accurately document and track cases of Enterobiasis in electronic health records and databases. By using standardized coding systems like SNOMED CT, the medical community can ensure consistency and precision in the classification and recording of diseases and conditions, ultimately improving the quality of healthcare delivery and research outcomes.
In the United States, ICD-11 is not yet in use. The U.S. is currently using ICD-10-CM (Clinical Modification), which has been adapted from the WHO’s ICD-10 to better suit the American healthcare system’s requirements for billing and clinical purposes. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have not yet set a specific date for the transition to ICD-11.
The situation in Europe varies by country. Some European nations are considering the adoption of ICD-11 or are in various stages of planning and pilot studies. However, as with the U.S., full implementation may take several years due to similar requirements for system updates and training.
🔎 Symptoms
One of the most common symptoms of Enterobiasis, also known as pinworm infection, is itching around the anus. This symptom is often worse at night when the female worms come out to lay their eggs. The itching is caused by an allergic reaction to the microscopic eggs laid by the female pinworms.
Another symptom of Enterobiasis is irritability and difficulty sleeping. The itching caused by the pinworm infection can be very uncomfortable and disruptive to sleep, leading to irritability during the day. Children, in particular, may exhibit behavioral changes such as increased irritability or difficulty concentrating.
In more severe cases of Enterobiasis, symptoms may include abdominal pain and nausea. The presence of a large number of pinworms in the intestines can cause inflammation and irritation, leading to abdominal pain and discomfort. Nausea may also occur as a result of the infection impacting the digestive system. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.
🩺 Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Enterobiasis, also known as pinworm infection, is typically achieved through a combination of patient history, clinical presentation, laboratory testing, and imaging studies. A thorough patient history may reveal symptoms such as itching around the anus, irritability, and sleep disturbances, which are characteristic of Enterobiasis. Clinical presentation may include the identification of adult worms or eggs in stool samples or around the perianal region.
Laboratory testing plays a critical role in the diagnosis of Enterobiasis. The most commonly used test is the Scotch tape test, in which a strip of transparent tape is applied to the perianal region in the morning before bathing or defecation. The tape is then examined under a microscope for the presence of pinworm eggs. The tape test is simple, non-invasive, and highly specific for Enterobiasis.
Imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may be used in cases where the diagnosis is unclear or if complications such as appendicitis are suspected. These imaging modalities can help identify the presence of worms in the intestines or other abnormalities associated with Enterobiasis. However, imaging studies are not routinely used for the diagnosis of Enterobiasis and are usually reserved for specific clinical scenarios.
💊 Treatment & Recovery
Treatment for Enterobiasis typically involves medications to kill the adult pinworms and their eggs. The most common medication prescribed for this infection is mebendazole, which is usually given as a single dose. In some cases, a second dose may be necessary to ensure the eggs are completely eradicated.
In addition to medication, good hygiene practices are essential for preventing reinfection and aiding in recovery. This includes washing hands thoroughly and frequently, especially after using the restroom and before preparing or eating food. Keeping fingernails short and discouraging nail-biting can also help prevent the spread of pinworms.
To further prevent reinfection, it is important to wash all bedding, clothing, and towels in hot water to kill any remaining eggs. Vacuuming and dusting frequently can also help remove any eggs that may have been shed. Proper disposal of any contaminated materials, such as underwear or bedding, is crucial to prevent the spread of pinworms to others.
🌎 Prevalence & Risk
In the United States, enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is the most common helminthic infection, especially affecting children between the ages of 5 and 14 years old. It is estimated that up to 42 million people in the U.S. are infected with pinworms at any given time, with the prevalence varying among different population groups.
In Europe, the prevalence of enterobiasis is also significant, with some countries reporting high rates of infection. In regions with poor sanitation and hygiene practices, the prevalence of pinworm infection tends to be higher. Children in institutional settings, such as schools and daycare centers, are particularly at risk for contracting pinworms.
Across Asia, enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection, particularly among children in rural areas with limited access to healthcare and sanitation facilities. The prevalence of pinworm infection in Asia varies depending on factors such as hygiene practices, living conditions, and access to clean water. In some regions, the prevalence of enterobiasis can be as high as 50% or more among school-aged children.
In Africa, the prevalence of enterobiasis is relatively high, especially in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare. Children in rural areas are at a higher risk for contracting pinworms due to inadequate hygiene practices and overcrowded living conditions. The prevalence of enterobiasis in Africa is not well-documented, but it is believed to be a significant public health issue in many parts of the continent.
😷 Prevention
Enterobiasis, commonly known as pinworm infection, is a parasitic disease caused by the tiny roundworm Enterobius vermicularis. This infection is most common in children, and is transmitted through the ingestion of pinworm eggs, typically through contaminated food, water, or objects. To prevent the spread of Enterobiasis, proper hygiene practices are crucial.
One key prevention method is regular handwashing, especially before eating and after using the toilet. Thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and objects that may have come into contact with pinworm eggs is also necessary. Additionally, maintaining a clean living environment, including regularly changing and washing bedding and clothing, can help prevent the spread of Enterobiasis.
Another important measure in preventing Enterobiasis is promoting good personal hygiene habits, such as keeping fingernails short and encouraging children to avoid scratching the anal area. It is also recommended to discourage behaviors that may lead to the ingestion of pinworm eggs, such as nail biting and thumb sucking. By following these preventive measures, the transmission and spread of Enterobiasis can be significantly reduced.
🦠 Similar Diseases
1F66 (Ascariasis) is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It commonly infects the intestine and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malnutrition. Ascariasis is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water and is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation.
1F67 (Trichuriasis) is caused by the whipworm Trichuris trichiura and mainly affects the large intestine. Symptoms of trichuriasis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. This disease is transmitted through ingestion of food or water contaminated with whipworm eggs, and is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions with poor sanitation.
1F68 (Strongyloidiasis) is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis. It can result in symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and skin rash. Strongyloidiasis is transmitted through skin contact with contaminated soil and is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with poor sanitation.
1F69 (Hookworm disease) is caused by the parasitic hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Symptoms of hookworm disease include anemia, abdominal pain, and fatigue. This disease is transmitted through skin contact with contaminated soil and is common in areas with poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene practices.