ICD-11 code 1F86.2 refers to Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum. This parasitic infection is caused by the specific type of schistosome worm known as Schistosoma japonicum. The disease is typically transmitted through contaminated water sources in regions where the parasite is prevalent, such as parts of Asia.
Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum can lead to a range of symptoms, including fever, cough, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In severe cases, the infection can cause damage to the liver, intestines, and other organs. Long-term complications may include liver fibrosis, bladder cancer, and neurological issues.
Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum is typically confirmed through laboratory testing to detect the presence of the parasite’s eggs in stool or urine samples. Treatment usually involves the use of antiparasitic medications to eliminate the worms from the body. Prevention strategies include avoiding contact with contaminated water and practicing good hygiene in endemic areas.
Table of Contents:
- #️⃣ Coding Considerations
- 🔎 Symptoms
- 🩺 Diagnosis
- 💊 Treatment & Recovery
- 🌎 Prevalence & Risk
- 😷 Prevention
- 🦠 Similar Diseases
#️⃣ Coding Considerations
The equivalent SNOMED CT code for ICD-11 code 1F86.2, which represents schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum, is 3948004. SNOMED CT, or Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms, is a comprehensive clinical terminology used in electronic health records and other healthcare settings to accurately capture and exchange health information. This code specifically relates to the parasitic disease caused by the Schistosoma japonicum worm, which is found in parts of China, the Philippines, and Indonesia. By using standardized codes like SNOMED CT, healthcare professionals can accurately document and track cases of schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum, leading to improved patient care and data analysis. This code is valuable for researchers, clinicians, and public health officials working to understand, prevent, and treat this specific type of schistosomiasis.
In the United States, ICD-11 is not yet in use. The U.S. is currently using ICD-10-CM (Clinical Modification), which has been adapted from the WHO’s ICD-10 to better suit the American healthcare system’s requirements for billing and clinical purposes. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have not yet set a specific date for the transition to ICD-11.
The situation in Europe varies by country. Some European nations are considering the adoption of ICD-11 or are in various stages of planning and pilot studies. However, as with the U.S., full implementation may take several years due to similar requirements for system updates and training.
🔎 Symptoms
Symptoms of 1F86.2, also known as Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum, can manifest differently depending on the stage of the disease. In the acute stage, infected individuals may experience fever, chills, cough, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Other symptoms may include muscle aches, headache, and fatigue.
As the disease progresses to the chronic stage, symptoms may become more severe and long-lasting. Chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection can lead to liver enlargement, spleen enlargement, ascites, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Individuals may also experience urinary symptoms such as blood in the urine and painful urination.
In some cases, complications of 1F86.2 can arise, including liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and bladder cancer. Severe cases of Schistosoma japonicum infection may also result in neurological complications such as seizures, paralysis, and cognitive impairment. It is important for healthcare providers to promptly diagnose and treat schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum to prevent the progression of symptoms and potential complications.
🩺 Diagnosis
Diagnosis of 1F86.2 (Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum) typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The initial step in diagnosing schistosomiasis is taking a thorough medical history to assess for potential exposure to contaminated water sources in endemic regions. The healthcare provider will inquire about symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in the urine, which are common in cases of Schistosoma japonicum infection.
Laboratory tests play a crucial role in diagnosing Schistosoma japonicum infection. The most commonly used diagnostic test is the examination of stool or urine samples under a microscope for the presence of Schistosoma japonicum eggs. Serologic tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can also be performed to detect antibodies against Schistosoma japonicum antigens in the blood. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests may be utilized to confirm the presence of Schistosoma japonicum DNA in clinical samples.
Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans, may be employed to assess the extent of organ involvement in cases of Schistosoma japonicum infection. Ultrasonography can reveal characteristic findings, such as liver and spleen enlargement and portal hypertension, which are indicative of chronic schistosomiasis. CT scans may be useful in detecting abnormalities in the liver, lungs, or other organs affected by Schistosoma japonicum.
In some cases, a biopsy of affected tissues, such as the liver or intestine, may be necessary to confirm the presence of Schistosoma japonicum infection. Tissue samples are examined under a microscope for the presence of parasite eggs or larvae, which can provide definitive evidence of schistosomiasis. Biopsy is typically reserved for cases where other diagnostic methods have been inconclusive or when there is a need to assess the extent of tissue damage caused by Schistosoma japonicum.
💊 Treatment & Recovery
Treatment for Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum, categorized as 1F86.2, typically involves the administration of antiparasitic medications such as praziquantel. This drug works by impairing the parasite’s ability to metabolize calcium, essentially paralyzing and killing the adult worms living within the infected individual’s body. The effectiveness of praziquantel in treating Schistosoma japonicum infections is well-documented, making it the drug of choice for this particular form of schistosomiasis.
In cases of severe infection, additional treatments may be necessary to manage complications such as organ damage or inflammation caused by the parasite. Symptomatic treatment for issues such as anemia, liver fibrosis, or neurological complications may be required in addition to antiparasitic therapy. Close monitoring of the patient’s condition is crucial during treatment to ensure that any emerging complications are promptly addressed and managed accordingly.
Recovery from Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the timely administration of appropriate treatments. While antiparasitic medications like praziquantel can effectively eliminate the adult worms, recovery may still take time as the body needs to absorb and expel the dead parasites. Moreover, individuals who have experienced organ damage or other complications may require ongoing medical care and monitoring to ensure a complete recovery and prevent potential long-term consequences of the infection.
🌎 Prevalence & Risk
In the United States, Schistosoma japonicum is not endemic, and cases of schistosomiasis due to this particular species are rare. The majority of cases reported in the U.S. are imported from countries where Schistosoma japonicum is prevalent. These cases are mostly seen in immigrants, travelers, or members of the armed forces returning from endemic areas.
In Europe, Schistosoma japonicum is not endemic, and cases of schistosomiasis due to this species are also rare. Imported cases in Europe are primarily seen in travelers or immigrants from regions where the parasite is prevalent. Public health measures and medical surveillance help to prevent the spread of the disease in European countries.
In Asia, Schistosoma japonicum is endemic in several countries, particularly in China and the Philippines. The prevalence of schistosomiasis due to this species is higher compared to other regions. Control programs and interventions have been implemented in these countries to reduce the burden of the disease and prevent transmission.
In Africa, Schistosoma japonicum is not endemic, and cases of schistosomiasis due to this species are rare. The predominant species of Schistosoma in Africa are Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, and Schistosoma intercalatum. Control programs targeting these species have been successful in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Africa.
😷 Prevention
Preventing 1F86.2 (Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum) involves several strategies aimed at reducing the risk of infection with the parasite. One key method is to avoid contact with freshwater sources that may be contaminated with the parasite, such as lakes, rivers, and canals. These water bodies are known to harbor the intermediate host snails that release the infective stage of the parasite into the water.
Furthermore, individuals should refrain from engaging in water-related activities, such as swimming, bathing, or washing clothes, in areas where Schistosoma japonicum is prevalent. These activities can increase the likelihood of exposure to the parasite and subsequent infection. In addition, travelers to endemic regions should be aware of the risk of schistosomiasis and take appropriate precautions, such as wearing protective clothing and avoiding contact with potentially contaminated water sources.
Another important aspect of preventing 1F86.2 is the control of the intermediate host snails that transmit the parasite. This can be achieved through the use of molluscicides or physical measures to reduce snail populations in affected water bodies. By targeting the snail population, efforts can be made to interrupt the life cycle of the parasite and reduce the risk of human infection. Additionally, community-based initiatives, such as health education programs and improved sanitation practices, can help raise awareness about the disease and promote preventive behaviors among at-risk populations.
🦠 Similar Diseases
Schistosomiasis, caused by various species of the Schistosoma parasite, is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people worldwide. One closely related disease to 1F86.2 (Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum) is 1F86.1, Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni. This form of schistosomiasis is caused by the S. mansoni parasite and is prevalent in Africa, South America, and the Caribbean.
Another related disease is 1F86.0, Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium. This form of schistosomiasis is caused by the S. haematobium parasite and is common in Africa and the Middle East. It primarily affects the urinary tract, leading to symptoms such as hematuria and bladder cancer.
1F86.3, Schistosomiasis due to Schistosomatoolongens, is another similar disease to 1F86.2. This form of schistosomiasis is caused by the S. toolongens parasite and is found in the Malay Archipelago. Symptoms include liver enlargement, anemia, and abdominal pain. Treatment for all forms of schistosomiasis typically involves the use of praziquantel, a medication that kills the parasite. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing complications of the disease.